Master of Legislative Laws-LLM

LLM full form is Master of Laws (LL.M/ L.L.M/ M.L./ Latin Legum Magister). LLM is a postgraduate law course in India that typically lasts for one to two years. During this course students have the opportunity to delve deeply into any specific area of law through research and studies. LLM degree can only be pursued by candidates who have mandatorily completed their LLB or Bachelor of Laws degree from a recognized institute in India. LLM Syllabus covers major topics like Constitutional Law, Law of Torts, Law of Contracts, Criminal Law, Administrative Law among others. To be eligible for admission to an LLM course in India individuals must hold a bachelor's degree in law (LLB) with a score of 55 per cent or higher. Some renowned institutions offering LLM courses include NLSIU, Symbiosis Law School, NLU Delhi, NALSAR and NUJS. Aspiring candidates are required to pass law entrance exams such as AILET, CLAT PG, LSAT, DU LLM, AP PGLCET, etc. Pursuing an LLM not only opens up opportunities for a career but also allows individuals to specialise in various fields of law such as Criminal Law, Business Law, Administrative Law, Environmental Law, Cyber Law and more. The structured nature of the LLM programme provides knowledge that aligns with the career goals of the students. There are some wonderful LLM Jobs out there once you complete your degree, such as Legal Tech Specialist, Corporate Lawyer, Criminal Lawyer, Law Professor, etc. The average annual LLM Salary is also quite competitive; annual pay package for freshers starts from Rs. 4,50,000 and can go up to Rs. 7,00,000. For more crucial information on LLM Course, keep reading this course page.

LLM Latest Updates

  • CUET LLM exam registration process started on December 26, 2023 and will end on January 24, 2024. CUET LLM exam will take place from March 11-28, 2024.
  • The CLAT 2024 examination took place on December 3, 2023, and the counselling process is underway.
  • AILET 2024 was conducted on December 10, 2023, from 10 am to 1 pm.
  • The LSAT India 2024 exam dates for the January session are set for January 20–21, 2024, and the May session will be held on May 16–19, 2024.

LLM Course Highlights

Mentioned below are some cardinal highlights of the LLM Course in India:

Particulars Details
Full Form Master of Law (LLM)
Duration Two years
Entrance Exams AILET PG, CLAT PG, LSAT India, CUET LLM, AP PGLCET, TS PGLCET, SLS AIAT, etc.
Admission Process Entrance Exam followed by counselling OR Direct Merit-based admission
Eligibility Criteria Bachelor's degree in law (LLB) with at least 55% aggregate marks
Course Fees Varies by institution; typically ranges from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 3,00,000 per year
Top Colleges NLSIU, Symbiosis Law School, NLU Delhi, NALSAR, NUJS, etc.
Course Specializations Criminal Law, Business Law, Environmental Law, Cyber Law, etc.
Career Opportunities Legal Consultant, Corporate Lawyer, Public Prosecutor, Legal Advisor, etc.
Average Salary Varies based on specialisation, location, and experience; typically ranges from Rs. 4,00,000 to Rs. 10,00,000 per annum
Job Locations Law Firms, Corporate Houses, Government Agencies, Legal Consultancies, etc.

LLM Course Highlights

Why Choose an LLM Degree?

If your career aspirations or personal life requires it, you may decide to take an LLM degree in India. Here are some key factors to consider while you’re thinking about pursuing an LLM course in India:

Upgrading Career Prospects:

Specialisation: An LLM allows you to focus on the subfields of law such as human rights or business laws in more detail. It can focus on areas such as environmental legislations and business policies. Law degree can delve into further details of any given legal topic than normal classes would. Such job applicants can focus on a particular area of law and become more interesting to potential employers that may employ them.
Improved Skills: Doing LLM will make you improve in the essential critical skills such as research and writing that are necessary in a good law career position. You will also get an opportunity to learn by doing things such as research projects, internships and participation in mock court proceedings. This is in addition to your class lessons in schools or colleges.
Networking: Having friends with teachers, other students and graduates from the law field in India can contribute greatly to your career. There are many LLM schools in India that have a strong alumni base. Alumni members can provide mentorship and job opportunities after graduation.

Advantages of studying in India:

Cost-effectiveness: Not only pursuing LLM in India is more cost effective than pursuing LLM abroad, it also helps students to understand the Indian legal system in a better way and practice law in India.
Language flexibility: In India, you can practice law in Hindi and all other local languages and there is no compulsion of fighting legal cases only in English.

Other factors to consider:

Course reputation: A good LLM degree from an accredited institution can do wonders for your legal career. It will not only enhance the reputation of your degree but will also demonstrate the potential employers how high skilled you are.
Faculty expertise: There are some of the best and learned legal faculty in the world at reputed Indian law institutes. To acquire all your information concerning the law from this honorable and learned group of people will help you a lot in becoming a good legal practitioner.

Why Choose an LLM Degree?

Is an Online LLM degree available in India?

No, LLM degrees offered online in India usually are not accepted by the Bar Council of India (BCI) that rules over legal education and practice. This means you can't use that degree to act as a lawyer in Indian courts. Some schools in other countries offer online LLM classes. These might be accepted back where they are from, but it is not acceptable in India. These online LLM classes can still be helpful for learning things about a certain part of law, but you would not use that diploma alone to practice law in India.

Types of LLM Courses

There are broadly two types of LLM courses available in India:

1. Full-time LLM:

  • Duration: Typically 1-2 years, depending on the program and specialisation.
  • Structure: Intensive coursework, seminars, research projects, and internships.
  • Benefits: Immersive learning experience, networking opportunities, and potential for full-time job placements during or after the program.
  • Popular full-time LLM programmes: Business Law, Corporate Law, Intellectual Property Law, Taxation Law, Criminal Law, Environmental Law, Human Rights Law, etc.

2. Part-time LLM:

  • Duration: Typically 2-3 years, with evening or weekend classes.
  • Structure: Flexible schedule for working professionals, often with a mix of online and offline components.
  • Benefits: Continue working while gaining advanced legal knowledge, upskilling opportunities, and improved career prospects.
  • Popular part-time LLM programmes: Business Law, Corporate Law, Taxation Law, Labour Law, etc.

LLM Eligibility Criteria

LLM course eligibility criteria varies from one institute to another, however, here's the general LLM eligibility requirements that are common across various colleges/ universities.

  • Educational Qualification: According to 5-year LLB courses, you need to have 10+2 from an acknowledged school in India OR if you have done 3-year LLB program from a UGC recognized college/ university after your graduation.
  • Minimum Aggregate Marks: In most cases, many schools require a minimum number of marks for a specific LLM degree. This usually falls between 50% and 60% and lower aggregate marks are permitted for such groups as SC/ST or other reserved groups.
  • Entrance Exams: Most schools and colleges hold exams in order to admit you to their LLC programme. Some use national-level tests like CLAT PG, AILET, LSAT India or SLS AIAT. Other institutes have their own institute-level law exams other than national-level or state-level law exams.

Additional Eligibility Requirements

  • Work Experience: A few colleges might prefer candidates with relevant work experience in the legal field.
  • Research Proposal: Some law institutes require a research proposal for entry into specific LLM courses.
  • Personal Interview: Some universities might conduct a personal interview as part of the selection process. These are generally those law institutes that hire on merit basis or via institute-level law entrance exam.

Skills Required for LLM Course

If you have these crucial skills then your chances of succeeding in an LLM course would be very high:

Analytical and Logical Mindset: LLM programs require much of good thinking, careful attention to detail and the ability to dissect large legal issues. It is very crucial to gain research skills, desire to learn more and develop a smart thinker brain.

Writing with Precision: Words are very crucial in the world of law. LLM courses require language proficiency, arguing skills supported by evidence and focus on details. You should write on law really well. This includes using proper ways of quoting other works, as well as speaking short and light sentences, and also being naturally able to convince people with words.

Research Savvy: Legal research is not an easy task; it’s deep probing into knowledge and expertise. Successful LLM students need also a skill to utilize legal information systems carefully as they are checking various sources and form strong arguments with strong evidence. It is essential to be able to conduct research, have good case analysis skills, and use secure sources.

Communication Expert: Law is not only about interpreting legal rules and laws but one has to be a good communicator. Being involved in LLM programs enhances your speaking and explaining skills. You learn to make hard Law statements to people who are not lawyers in a simple and understandable form. Ensure that you speak well in court; have good talks that can convince others and write concise legal papers. These are valuable tools on your route to improved communication in the field of law. For any good lawyer, having excellent interpersonal skills is a necessity and should always be friendly.

LLM Entrance Exams

There are multiple entrance exams for LLM in India, but some of the most popular ones are:

Common Law Admission Test (CLAT): This is a national-level exam conducted by the Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) for admission to postgraduate law programs in 22 NLUs and other participating universities.

All India Law Entrance Test (AILET): This is another national-level exam conducted by the National Law University, Delhi (NLU Delhi) for admission to its LLM programme.

Law School Admission Test (LSAT): This is an international standardised test conducted by the Law School Admission Council (LSAC) for admission to law schools in India and around the world.

Delhi University LLM Entrance Test (DU LLM): This is a university-level exam conducted by the University of Delhi for admission to its LLM programme.

TISS National Entrance Test (TISSNET): This is a national-level exam conducted by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) for admission to its postgraduate programs, including LLM.

SLS AIAT Exam: The Symbiosis Law School All India Admission Test (SLS AIAT) is an entrance exam for admission to postgraduate LLM courses at Symbiosis International University. It's a gateway to LLM programmes at SLS Pune, Hyderabad, Nagpur, and Noida. The exam is conducted online in a home-based remote proctored mode and tests your legal aptitude, reasoning, writing skills, and current affairs knowledge. 

Besides CLAT, AILET, and LSAT India, other popular LLM entrance exam options include PU CET for Punjab universities, IPU CET for Delhi NCR, and state-level exams like AP PGLCET and TS PGLCET. 

LLM Entrance Exam Schedule

Here’s the schedule for all the important LLM entrance exams that will be conducted in 2024:

Entrance Exam Registration Date Exam Date
CLAT 2024 Closed December 3, 2023
AILET 2024 Closed December 10, 2023
LSAT India 2024 (for January 2024 session) August 14, 2023 - January 10, 2024 January 20 - 21, 2024
CUET LLM  From December 26, 2023 till January 24, 2024 March 11 - 28, 2024
TS PGLCET To Be Announced To Be Announced
AP PGLCET To Be Announced To Be Announced
KLEE August 2024 September 2024
SLS AIAT To Be Announced To Be Announced

LLM Entrance Exams Syllabus 

LLM entrance exam syllabuses can differ depending on the specific entrance test you're taking, but they generally cover a range of legal, logical, and general knowledge topics. Here's a breakdown of common sections that you might encounter in these LLM entrance exams:

Legal Aptitude & Reasoning:

  • Legal Reasoning: Analyse legal principles, identify relevant facts, and draw logical conclusions.
  • Contract Law: Understand basic principles of contracts and their formation, breach, and remedies.
  • Constitutional Law: Knowledge of the Indian Constitution, fundamental rights, and judicial review.
  • Torts & Criminal Law: Grasp key concepts in torts (civil wrongs) and criminal law, including liability and defences.

Analytical Reasoning & Logical Deduction:

  • Critical Reasoning: Evaluate arguments, identify assumptions, and draw inferences.
  • Data Interpretation: Analyse graphs, charts, and tables to extract key information.
  • Logical Reasoning: Identify patterns, solve puzzles, and make logical deductions.

General Knowledge & Current Affairs:

  • Static GK: History, Geography, Indian Polity, Economics, and Science.
  • Current Affairs: Knowledge of recent national and international events, legal developments, and social issues.

English Language & Comprehension:

  • Reading Comprehension: Read and understand passages from various sources.
  • Vocabulary: Demonstrate a strong understanding of English vocabulary.
  • Grammar & Usage: Apply correct grammar and usage in written English.

LLM Entrance Quick Preparation Tips 

Here are some section-wise quick preparation tips for LLM entrance exams:

Legal Reasoning Section:

  • Link important legal principles (contracts, torts, constitution) for easier recall and better comprehension.
  • Make pocket revision easier by condensing the crucial legal terms and principles onto flashcards.
  • Critically analyze practice questions. Critique assumptions, break down arguments, and strengthen your analytical thinking prowess.

Logical and Analytical Reasoning Section:

  • Refine your critical thinking skills with online practice tests that resemble the format of a test.
  • Participate in discussions in a friendly way regarding current issues to develop better critical thinking and argument. The mental arguments will set you up for the analytical challenges of the test.
  • Inject a little logic fun in your daily schedule with sudoku puzzles. They will improve your pattern recognition and deduction abilities.

General Knowledge Section:

  • Get updated with current headlines from reliable sources on a daily basis regarding important legal, social, and political issues
  • Spend 15 minutes per day on a particular GK topic (history, economics etc.) to accumulate GK regularly.
  • Employ online quizzes for testing your general knowledge and to determine what needs to be improved.

English Comprehension Section:

  • Read diverse reading materials such as news articles, legal journals, and fiction to boost vocabulary and comprehension skills.
  • Journal or blog regularly to improve your grammar, sentence structure, and writing fluency.
  • Revitalize your vocabulary through board games such as Scrabble or crossword puzzles. They will keep your word recall keen and as fit as possible.

With the smart application of these effective tactics, you can perfect your LLM entrance exam preparation and obtain the desired results.

List of Popular LLM Specialisations

Here's a look at some of the most sought-after LLM specialisations grouped according to relevant categories as mentioned below:

Business & Corporate:

Corporate Law: Become a master of company formation, governance, M&; A and contracts.
International Business Law: Manage the complicated legal terrain of cross-borders deals, laws, disagreements and more.
Intellectual Property Law: Preserve and apply innovations by means of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.

Social & Public:

Human Rights Law: Promote basic rights and equality of people, from environmental justice to refugee protection.
Environmental Law: Interpret and respond to the environmental challenges with some legal frameworks and sustainable practices.
Public International Law: Interact with the laws of international relations and interstate relations.

Technology & Innovation:

Cybersecurity Law: Protect data and digital infrastructure from both the cyber threats and the legal challenges.
Technology Law: Understand the changing legalities regarding artificial intelligence, data privacy, and blockchain technology.
Telecommunications Law: Be aware of the regulatory and legal aspects of communication networks and technologies.

Other Niche Specialisations:

Maritime Law: Overcome the labyrinth of the laws in the field of international transportation, marine insurance, and admiralty law.
Fashion Law: Study the legalities of the fashion world, like intellectual property, contracts, and the regulatory compliance.
Sports Law: Know the legal underpinning of athlete contracts, doping control, and alternative dispute resolution in sports.

LLM Admission Process in India

While the specific admission process steps might differ slightly between universities and entrance exams, the general LLM admission process in India follows these crucial stages:

1.Check the Eligibility Requirements:

  • Ensure you hold a Bachelor's degree in Law (LLB) from a recognized university.
  • Meet the minimum percentage requirement (usually 50% for general, 45% for reserved categories).
  • Some universities might have additional criteria like work experience or specific LLB specialisation. Check the same on the university/ college official website.

2.  Application and Registration:

  • Register for the chosen entrance exam within the specified timeframe on the official website.
  • Fill out the online application forms carefully, providing accurate information and attaching required documents.
  • Pay the application and entrance exam fees as applicable.

3. Attend the required Entrance Exam:

  • Choose the relevant entrance exam based on your target universities and programme focus (CLAT, AILET, LSAT India, etc.).
  • Familiarise yourself with the exam syllabus, format, and question types.
  • Utilise study materials like textbooks, mock tests, and online resources to better prepare for your LLM entrance test.
  • Take the entrance exam on the scheduled date, following the designated test centre and guidelines.

4. Results and Merit List:

  • Check the official website for the exam results announcement date.
  • Analyse your performance and see if you secured a rank within the acceptable range for your desired universities.
  • Universities will publish merit lists based on entrance exam scores and other selection criteria.

5. Counselling and Seat Allotment:

  • Attend counselling sessions or participate in online seat allotment processes as per the university instructions.
  • Choose your preferred LLM specialisation and program based on your rank and available options.
  • Confirm your seat and pay the admission fee to secure your place in the program.

6. Documents Verification and Registration:

  • Submit all required documents for verification, including certificates, mark sheets, and admission confirmation letters.
  • Complete the university registration process and fulfil any additional formalities.

7. Orientation and Start of Programme:

  • Attend the university orientation program to meet faculty, fellow students, and familiarise yourself with the academic environment.
  • Enrol in your chosen LLM courses and embark on your journey towards higher specialisation in the legal field.

Direct LLM Admission Process Without Entrance Exam

While entrance exams are the most common route to LLM admission in India, some universities offer direct enrollment options without requiring exam scores. Here's what you need to know about the direct LLM admission process:

Check the Eligibility Criteria:

  • Hold a Bachelor's degree in Law (LLB) from a recognized university.
  • Meet the minimum percentage requirement (usually higher than entrance exam criteria, often 60% or above).
  • Some universities might have additional criteria like work experience, specific LLB specialisation, or outstanding academic performance.

Online Application Process:

  • Check the websites of universities offering direct admission pathways.
  • Download and fill out the application forms meticulously, providing academic transcripts, certificates, and other required documents.
  • Pay the application fee as applicable.

Selection Criteria:

Universities often consider a combination of factors for direct admission, including:

  1. Undergraduate Marks: Your LLB aggregate scores hold significant weight for the direct admission process for LLM courses.
  2. Work experience: Relevant professional experience in the legal field can be an advantage.
  3. Personal statement: A well-crafted statement highlighting your motivations, goals, and potential can boost your candidacy.
  4. Letters of recommendation: Strong recommendations from professors or legal professionals can add value to your application.
  5. University interview: Some universities might conduct interviews to assess your communication skills and legal aptitude.

LLM Fees in India

LLM fees in India vary widely depending on the type of institution and the LLM specialisation chosen by a candidate. Here’s the LLM course fees breakdown:
Government Universities: Generally offer much lower fees compared to private universities, ranging from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 50,000 per annum.
Private Colleges/ Universities: Can have a wide range of fees, starting from around Rs. 1,00,000 per annum to well over Rs. 10,00,000 per annum, and sometimes even higher for specialised programs or prestigious institutions.
National Law Universities (NLUs): Typically fall somewhere in the middle, with fees ranging from INR 1,00,000 to Rs. 3,00,000 per annum.

LLM Subjects & Syllabus

Here’s a general overview of the subjects offered in LLM programmes along with their syllabus:

Core Subjects Electives (Based on Specialisation)
Constitutional Law - Business Law (Corporate Law, M&A, International Trade)
Jurisprudence - Criminal Law (Criminal Justice, Defences, Punishment)
Contract Law - Environmental Law
Tort Law - Family Law (Marriage, Divorce, Custody)
Public International Law - Intellectual Property Law (Patents, Copyright, Trademarks)
Advanced Legal Research & Writing - Specialization-Specific Electives (e.g., Human Rights Law, Maritime Law, Tax Law)
Professional Ethics & Legal Practice Research-Oriented Courses (e.g., Legal Theory, Comparative Law)
Comparative Law Dissertation (Optional)
- Internship (Optional)


 

Here’s a general LLM Syllabus to give you an idea about the topics taught in the above-mentioned LLM subjects:

  • Constitutional Law: In this subject, you'll explore its fundamental principles like federalism, separation of powers, and fundamental rights. 
  • Jurisprudence: Jurisprudence delves into the philosophical underpinnings, questioning its function, relationship with society, and different schools of legal thought. It's like peering into the mirror of law, reflecting on its essence and purpose.
  • Contract Law: Contract law equips you with the tools to understand how contracts are formed, interpreted, and enforced. Imagine it as mastering the language of agreements, ensuring fairness and clarity in every deal.
  • Tort Law: When someone suffers harm due to another's wrongful conduct, tort law provides the legal framework for seeking compensation and justice. Think of it as a shield that protects individuals from harm and ensures accountability.
  • Criminal Law: From understanding the elements of crimes to exploring criminal defences and punishment, criminal law delves into the complex world of criminal justice. Imagine navigating a maze of legal procedures and principles, seeking truth and ensuring a fair legal process.
  • Administrative Law: Government agencies play a crucial role in our lives, and administrative law scrutinises their rule-making and decision-making processes. Think of it as holding a magnifying glass to the actions of government agencies, ensuring they operate within the bounds of the law.
  • Public International Law: The world is interconnected, and public international law governs the relationships between sovereign states.

Beyond the core LLM subjects, you would be required to delve deeper into specific areas of legal interest through electives. Depending on your chosen specialisation, you could explore:

  • Business Law: Dive into the dynamic world of corporate transactions, mergers and acquisitions, and international trade. Imagine yourself navigating the fast-paced world of business deals and legal strategies.
  • Environmental Law: Become a champion for environmental protection by understanding legal frameworks and regulations that safeguard our planet. Imagine yourself advocating for clean air, water, and sustainable practices.
  • Family Law: Dive into the complexities of family dynamics, exploring issues like marriage, divorce, and child custody. Imagine navigating the sensitive legal terrain of family relationships with empathy and understanding.
  • Intellectual Property Law: Protect the fruits of creativity by studying patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. Imagine yourself safeguarding the ideas and inventions that drive innovation and progress.
  • Human Rights Law: Fight for the fundamental rights of all individuals by engaging with international and domestic legal frameworks. Imagine yourself standing up for justice and equality for all, regardless of their background.

Top Government LLM Colleges in India

Here are some top LLM government colleges in India based on NIRF Ranking 2023: 

Name of Law School City State NIRF Ranking 2023
National Law School of India University Bengaluru Karnataka 1
National Law University New Delhi Delhi 2
NALSAR University of Law Hyderabad Telangana 3
The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences Kolkata West Bengal 4
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi New Delhi Delhi 5
Gujarat National Law University Gandhinagar Gujarat 7
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 9
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 10
Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 14
National Law Institute University, Bhopal Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 18
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University New Delhi Delhi 19
The Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala Patiala Punjab 20
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 21
Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 22
National University of Study & Research in Law Ranchi Jharkhand 24
National Law University and Judicial Academy Kamrup Assam 28
National Law University Cuttack Odisha 30

Top LLM Colleges Offering Direct Admission in India

Here are some top law institutes offering LLM courses through direct admission: 

Institute Name

Location

Teerthanker Mahaveer University

Uttar Pradesh


 

Sandip University

Maharashtra

Sage University

Madhya Pradesh

KL University (KLU), Guntur

Andhra Pradesh

JECRC University

Rajasthan

Dr. K.N Modi University

Rajasthan

Amity University

West Bengal, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh

Career Options After LLM

LLM graduates can choose diverse career paths like courtroom advocacy, corporate counselling, government law specialist, etc. Academia offers research and teaching avenues to LLM graduates. NGOs and international organisations welcome expert analysis by talented LLM passed individuals. Your specialised knowledge empowers you to contribute in legal domains from private firms to public service, crafting impactful solutions across the legal spectrum.

LLM Jobs

LLM graduates in India have a flourishing landscape of opportunities! Dive into diverse roles like:

Legal Practice:

  • Advocate: Represent clients in court, draft legal documents, and provide strategic counsel.
  • Corporate Lawyer: Advise companies on mergers, acquisitions, contracts, and compliance.
  • In-House Counsel: Offer legal expertise within organisations like banks, tech giants, or NGOs.

Beyond Litigation:

  • Legal Advisor: Analyse legal issues and guide governments, startups, or research institutions.
  • Legal Journalist/Editor: Shape legal narratives and inform the public through writing and analysis.
  • Academic/Faculty: Pursue research, teach law, and mentor future legal minds at universities.

Specialised Options:

  • Intellectual Property Lawyer: Protect patents, trademarks, and copyrights across diverse industries.
  • Cybersecurity Lawyer: Navigate the evolving legal landscape of data privacy and cybercrime.
  • Environmental Lawyer: Advocate for environmental protection and enforce environmental regulations.

LLM Salary 

Here’s the LLM salary breakdown for various job profiles:

Job Profiles Salary Range (in Rs.)
Legal Consultant 6,00,000 - 15,00,000
Corporate Lawyer 5,00,000 - 18,00,000
Public Prosecutor 7,00,000 - 20,00,000
Legal Advisor 6,00,000 - 16,00,000
Judicial Services 8,00,000 - 25,00,000
Legal Analyst 4,50,000 - 12,00,000
Academician/Professor 5,00,000 - 20,00,000
Human Rights Advocate 5,00,000 - 15,00,000
Legal Researcher 4,00,000 - 10,00,000
Policy Analyst 6,00,000 - 18,00,000
In-House Counsel 7,00,000 - 20,00,000
Arbitrator/ Mediator 6,50,000 - 18,00,000

LLM Recruiters

Here's a breakdown of potential LLM recruiters in India and Abroad:

India:

  • Traditional Law Firms: Top tier firms like Khaitan & Co., Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, and AZB & Partners actively recruit LLMs, especially from National Law Universities (NLUs).
  • Boutique Law Firms: Specialising in areas like IP, maritime, or environmental law, these firms offer niche opportunities for specialised LLMs.
  • In-house Legal Teams: MNCs, Indian corporations, and startups increasingly hire LLMs for legal departments.
  • Government and Public Sector Units (PSUs): Opportunities exist in ministries, regulatory bodies, and legal departments of PSUs.
  • Academic Institutions: Top law schools and universities hire LLMs for teaching and research positions.
  • Recruitment Agencies: Specialised legal recruitment agencies like Vaish Associates and Talent Track connect LLMs with suitable job openings.
  • Online Job Boards: Popular platforms like Lawctopus, Legal Era, and LinkedIn offer job postings and connect candidates with recruiters.

Abroad:

  • International Law Firms: Global firms with offices in India, like Clifford Chance or Allen & Overy, offer opportunities for Indian LLMs with specialised skills.
  • International Organisations: The UN, World Bank, and other international organisations recruit legal professionals with international law expertise.
  • Foreign Governments and Embassies: Some embassies and diplomatic missions hire LLMs for legal positions.
  • Foreign Universities and Research Institutions: Opportunities exist for teaching and research positions at universities abroad.
  • International NGOs and Advocacy Groups: These organisations welcome LLMs with specialised knowledge and a passion for human rights or specific global issues.
  • International Recruitment Agencies: Agencies like Robert Walters or Michael Page can connect Indian LLMs with suitable job openings abroad.

Courses After LLM Degree

Your opportunities post LLM degree go way past conventional law careers.Here are some exciting courses you could pursue, depending on your career aspirations:

Academically-Oriented Paths:

M.Phil/ PhD in Law: Strengthen your legal knowledge through research and further studies. Join the ranks of a legal scholar, professor, or researcher.
Masters in Public Policy, Public Administration, or International Relations: Intertwine law with policy for jobs in government, non-governmental organizations, or as an international organization.
Masters in Business Administration (MBA): Develop business acumen and leadership skills to perform well in legal management or consulting jobs.

Skill-Building Courses:

Data Analytics/ Data Science: Know how to interpret legal data, forecast trends, and shape legal tactics in areas such as compliance, e-discovery, or legal tech.
Cybersecurity: Gain legal knowledge on cybersecurity, data privacy, and cybercrime to counsel corporations or work in cybersecurity startups.
Negotiation and Mediation: Sharpen your negotiating and conflict resolution abilities to be good at alternative dispute resolution or to become a mediator.
Foreign Language Courses: Learn another language because your career in international law, legal translation, or cross-border transactions will be enhanced by learning another language.

Creative and Specialised Paths:

Journalism/ Legal Writing: Use your legal expertise to become a legal journalist, legal editor, or legal content creator.
Creative Writing: By being a lawyer, you can incorporate real-life elements in your creative writing efforts.
Teaching: Follow teacher training courses to spread your knowledge of the law over several generations.
Non-profit/ NGO Management: Incorporate your legal knowledge with your sense of social change to work in non-profit organisations.

LLM Syllabus & Subjects Overview

LLM, or Master of Laws, is a two-year postgraduate degree program designed to offer students advanced legal education in various areas of law, depending on their chosen specialization. The LLM curriculum consists of four semesters, each dedicated to different subjects, including foundational legal principles and elective courses. This program aims to equip students with a comprehensive understanding of the legal system and its practical applications.

The syllabus for LLM courses varies according to the chosen specialization, with a primary focus on training students in diverse legal subjects such as Law and Technology, Criminal Law, Judicial Process, Commercialization of Intellectual Property & Licensing, and more. LLM students have the opportunity to specialize in specific domains, such as Corporate Law, Criminal Law, Maritime Law, among others.

Individuals pursuing LLM degrees typically aspire to careers as Judges, Magistrates, Criminal Lawyers, Intellectual Property Lawyers, Legal Counsel, Law Officers, and more. To be eligible for LLM programs, candidates are required to hold a bachelor's degree in a relevant field (such as BA LLB or BBA LLB) with a minimum of 60% marks from a recognized university. Additionally, they must successfully pass a qualifying LLM entrance examination.

LLM Year Wise Syllabus

The general syllabus for an LLM program is mentioned below in a semester-wise format:

LLM 1st Year Syllabus

The first year LLM syllabus comprises the following topics:

Semester 1 

Semester 2 

1. Legal Research Methodology 1. Constitutional Law
2. Jurisprudence 2. International Law
3. Contracts and Commercial Law 3. Family Law
4. Elective 1 (Specialization) 4. Elective 3 (Specialization)
5. Elective 2 (Specialization) 5. Elective 4 (Specialization)
6. Legal Writing and Advocacy 6. Moot Court and Legal Clinics

LLM 2nd Year Syllabus

The second year LLM syllabus consists of the following topics:

Semester 3 

Semester 4

7. Administrative Law 7. Environmental Law
8. Criminal Law and Procedure 8. Intellectual Property Law
9. Elective 5 (Specialization) 9. Elective 7 (Specialization)
10. Elective 6 (Specialization) 10. Elective 8 (Specialization)
11. Dissertation/ Thesis 11. Internship and Practical Training

LLM Subjects

Here is a table listing various LLM subjects along with their brief descriptions:

LLM Subjects

Description

Corporate Law Focuses on laws governing corporations and business entities.
Criminal Law Examines criminal justice systems, laws, and procedures.
International Law Covers principles and treaties governing relations between nations.
Intellectual Property Law Explores legal aspects of intellectual property rights like patents and copyrights.
Environmental Law Addresses laws related to environmental protection and sustainability.
Taxation Law Focuses on tax laws, regulations, and strategies for individuals and businesses.
Human Rights Law Deals with laws protecting fundamental human rights and liberties.
Family Law Covers legal aspects of family relationships, including divorce and child custody.
Immigration Law Examines laws related to immigration, citizenship, and visas.
Maritime Law Focuses on laws governing maritime activities and shipping.
Constitutional Law Analyzes national constitutions and the powers of government branches.
Employment and Labor Law Explores laws related to employment, labor rights, and workplace issues.
Banking and Finance Law Addresses regulations governing financial institutions and transactions.
Healthcare and Medical Law Focuses on legal issues in healthcare, medical ethics, and patient rights.
Real Estate and Property Law Deals with laws related to property ownership, transactions, and land use.
Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Examines alternative dispute resolution methods, including arbitration.
Administrative Law Covers laws governing administrative agencies and their actions.
Tax Law Specialization in tax regulations and tax planning strategies.
Cybersecurity and Technology Law Explores legal aspects of technology, data protection, and cybersecurity.
Energy and Environmental Law Focuses on legal issues surrounding energy production and environmental conservation.
Entertainment and Media Law Examines laws related to the entertainment and media industries.

These subjects are commonly offered in various LLM programs, and students can choose subjects based on their areas of interest and career goals. Keep in mind that the availability of specific subjects may vary depending on the university or institution offering the LLM program.

LLM Common Subjects

In an LLM program, there are certain common subjects that students typically study throughout all semesters. These foundational subjects provide a strong legal framework and are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the law. Here are some common subjects that are typically included in all semesters of an LLM program:

Legal Research and Writing: This subject focuses on developing advanced legal research skills and effective legal writing techniques, which are crucial for legal professionals.

Jurisprudence: Jurisprudence explores the philosophy, theory, and principles underlying the legal system, helping students critically analyze the nature of law.

Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility: This subject addresses the ethical obligations and responsibilities of legal practitioners, emphasizing the importance of professional conduct.

Constitutional Law: Constitutional law examines the fundamental principles of a nation's constitution, the structure of government, and the rights and freedoms of citizens.

Comparative Law: Comparative law involves studying and comparing legal systems and traditions from different countries, facilitating a broader perspective on legal issues.

Legal Drafting: Legal drafting teaches students how to prepare legal documents, contracts, and agreements accurately and effectively.

Legal Methods and Systems: This subject provides an overview of various legal systems and methods of legal interpretation, helping students understand different legal traditions.

Introduction to Legal Research: A foundational course that introduces students to legal research techniques, databases, and resources used in legal practice.

Law and Society: Examines the interaction between law and societal norms, values, and institutions, helping students understand the broader societal context of legal issues.

Public International Law: Focuses on the principles and rules governing relations between states and international organizations in the global arena.

These common subjects serve as a basis for building legal expertise and critical thinking skills throughout the LLM program. While these subjects are typically included, the specific curriculum may vary depending on the university or institution offering the program. Students often have the opportunity to choose additional elective subjects based on their areas of interest and specialization.

LLM Optional Subjects

Here is a table listing various optional subjects for an LLM program in the first column, and in the second column, a brief description or category of each subject:

Optional LLM Subjects

Description

Corporate Governance and Compliance Focuses on corporate governance principles and compliance with regulations.
Tax Planning and International Taxation Explores advanced taxation strategies and international tax law.
Intellectual Property Rights Examines the legal aspects of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and intellectual property law.
International Trade Law Addresses laws governing international trade, treaties, and trade dispute resolution.
Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Explores human rights law, humanitarian law, and the protection of vulnerable populations.
Environmental Law and Policy Focuses on environmental regulations, conservation, and sustainability policies.
Family and Succession Law Covers legal aspects of family wealth, inheritance, wills, and estate planning.
Cyber Law and Data Privacy Examines legal issues related to cybersecurity, data protection, and online privacy.
Commercial Arbitration Focuses on the practice and principles of commercial arbitration and dispute resolution.
Banking and Finance Regulations Addresses the regulatory framework for financial institutions and financial markets.
Competition Law and Antitrust Explores laws regulating competition, antitrust measures, and market dominance.
International Humanitarian Law Examines laws governing armed conflicts, the conduct of hostilities, and war crimes.
Energy and Natural Resources Law Focuses on legal aspects of energy production, natural resources, and environmental impact.
Technology and Innovation Law Explores legal issues in technology, innovation, intellectual property, and digital rights.
Health Law and Ethics Addresses legal issues in healthcare delivery, medical ethics, and patient rights.
Real Estate and Property Law Covers advanced aspects of property transactions, land use, and real estate law.
Immigration and Nationality Law Examines immigration policies, nationality, and legal rights of immigrants.
Entertainment and Media Law Focuses on legal aspects of the entertainment and media industries, including intellectual property.

Specializations offered in LLM

LLM (Master of Laws) programs typically offer various specializations or concentrations that allow students to focus on specific areas of law. These specializations provide in-depth knowledge and expertise in particular legal domains. Here are some common specializations offered in LLM programs:

Corporate Law: Focuses on laws governing corporations, business entities, mergers, acquisitions, and corporate governance.

Criminal Law: Explores criminal justice systems, criminal procedure, and the legal aspects of criminal behavior.

International Law: Covers principles and treaties governing relations between nations, including international human rights law and international trade law.

Intellectual Property Law: Examines legal aspects of intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and technology law.

Environmental Law: Addresses laws related to environmental protection, conservation, and sustainability.

Taxation Law: Focuses on tax laws, tax planning, and strategies for individuals and businesses.

Human Rights Law: Deals with laws protecting fundamental human rights and liberties on a national and international level.

Family Law: Covers legal aspects of family relationships, including divorce, child custody, and adoption.

Immigration Law: Examines laws related to immigration, nationality, visas, and asylum.

Maritime Law: Focuses on laws governing maritime activities, shipping, and international maritime regulations.

Constitutional Law: Analyzes national constitutions, government structure, and constitutional rights.

Employment and Labor Law: Explores laws related to employment, labor rights, and workplace issues.

Banking and Finance Law: Addresses regulations governing financial institutions, banking transactions, and securities laws.

Healthcare and Medical Law: Focuses on legal issues in healthcare delivery, medical ethics, and patient rights.

Real Estate and Property Law: Covers property transactions, land use regulations, and real estate law.

Dispute Resolution and Arbitration: Examines alternative dispute resolution methods, including arbitration and mediation.

Administrative Law: Deals with laws governing administrative agencies, administrative procedures, and regulatory compliance.

Energy Law: Focuses on legal issues surrounding energy production, natural resources, and environmental impact.

Technology and Innovation Law: Explores legal aspects of technology, innovation, data privacy, and cybersecurity.

Entertainment and Media Law: Examines laws related to the entertainment and media industries, including intellectual property and media regulation.

These specializations allow students to gain expertise in specific areas of law and prepare for careers in various legal fields, including private practice, government, academia, and corporate law. The availability of specializations may vary depending on the university or institution offering the LLM program.

LLM Entrance Exam Syllabus

The syllabus for LLM entrance exams in India may vary depending on the university or institution conducting the exam. However, there are common topics and subjects that are typically covered in most LLM entrance exams in India. Here is a general overview of the syllabus for LLM entrance exams in India:

Constitutional Law: This section may include questions on the Indian Constitution, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, and constitutional amendments.

Jurisprudence: Questions related to legal theories, jurisprudential concepts, and major jurisprudential thinkers may be included.

Contract Law: Topics may cover the Indian Contract Act, types of contracts, and essential elements of a valid contract.

Torts: This section may include questions on tortious liability, negligence, nuisance, and defamation.

Criminal Law: Questions may cover the Indian Penal Code, criminal offenses, principles of criminal liability, and defenses in criminal law.

Family Law: Topics related to family laws in India, including marriage, divorce, adoption, and succession, may be included.

Property Law: Questions may pertain to property laws in India, including the Transfer of Property Act and principles of property transactions.

Company Law: Topics related to the Companies Act, corporate governance, and legal aspects of corporate entities may be covered.

International Law: Questions on international treaties, principles of international law, and India's role in international organizations may be part of the syllabus.

Environmental Law: Topics related to environmental laws, conservation, and sustainable development may be included.

Human Rights Law: Questions may cover human rights instruments, international human rights conventions, and domestic human rights issues.

Intellectual Property Law: Topics related to intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and designs, may be part of the syllabus.

Legal Awareness and Current Affairs: This section may include questions on recent legal developments, landmark judgments, and contemporary legal issues.

Legal Reasoning and Aptitude: Questions may test analytical and logical reasoning skills, as well as the ability to apply legal principles to practical situations.

General Knowledge: Some exams may include a general knowledge section covering a wide range of topics, including current events, history, geography, and culture.

Please note that the specific topics and weightage of each subject may vary from one LLM entrance exam to another. It's essential to check the detailed syllabus provided by the university or institution conducting the entrance exam to ensure thorough preparation. Additionally, some LLM entrance exams may have a research-based or essay writing component as part of the evaluation.

LLM Important Books

Here are some important books for the Master of Laws (LLM) program in India, categorized by different areas of law. Please note that book preferences can vary based on the specific courses and professors at your institution, so it's a good idea to consult your syllabus or professors for recommended readings.

Areas of Law

Important Books

Constitutional Law 1. "Constitution of India" by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
- 2. "Commentary on the Constitution of India" by D.D. Basu
- 3. "Constitutional Law of India" by J.N. Pandey
- 4. "Introduction to the Constitution of India" by Durga Das Basu
Criminal Law 1. "Criminal Law" by Ratanlal & Dhirajlal
- 2. "Criminal Law in India" by P.S.A. Pillai
- 3. "Ratanlal & Dhirajlal's The Indian Penal Code"
- 4. "Criminal Procedure Code" by R.V. Kelkar
Contract Law 1. "Indian Contract Act, 1872" by Pollock & Mulla
- 2. "Law of Contract" by Avtar Singh
- 3. "Anson's Law of Contract" by Sir Arthur Corbin
- 4. "Formation and Performance of Contracts" by M. P. Furmston
Corporate Law 1. "Company Law" by Avtar Singh
- 2. "Company Law" by Ramaiya
- 3. "Company Law and Practice" by S. N. Chandrasekaran
- 4. "Company Law in India" by L.C. Mittal
Environmental Law 1. "Environmental Law in India" by Shyam Diwan
- 2. "Environmental Law and Policy in India" by R. Rajamani
- 3. "Environmental Law" by Rajagopala Rao
- 4. "Environmental Law" by Saloni Khanderia
International Law 1. "Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law"
- 2. "Starke's International Law" by J.G. Starke
- 3. "Textbook on International Law" by Dr. B. S. Chimni
- 4. "International Law" by Malcolm N. Shaw
Intellectual Property Law 1. "Intellectual Property Rights" by P. Narayanan
- 2. "Intellectual Property Law" by V.K. Ahuja
- 3. "Intellectual Property Law" by P. Sen
- 4. "Intellectual Property Law in India" by Dr. R.K. Srivastava
Human Rights Law 1. "International Human Rights" by Philip Alston
- 2. "Human Rights in International Law" by Theo van Boven
- 3. "Human Rights and International Relations" by David P. Forsythe
- 4. "Human Rights: Politics and Practice" by Michael Goodhart

These books should provide a solid foundation for your LLM studies in India, but do check your course syllabus and consult with your professors for any additional or specific reading recommendations.

LLM Course Structure

The structure of an LLM course in India can vary from one university or institution to another, but generally, it follows a similar format. Below is a typical LLM course structure in India:

Duration: The LLM program in India is typically a two-year full-time course.

Core Courses: LLM programs in India usually include a set of core courses that provide students with a foundational understanding of various areas of law. These core courses can vary depending on the specialization chosen by the student. Some common core course subjects include:

Constitutional Law
Jurisprudence and Legal Theory
Contract Law
Tort Law
Criminal Law
Family Law
Administrative Law
International Law
Environmental Law
Intellectual Property Law
Corporate Law
Human Rights Law

Elective Courses: In addition to the core courses, LLM students often have the opportunity to choose elective courses based on their specific interests or specialization. These courses allow students to delve deeper into a particular area of law or explore interdisciplinary subjects. Examples of elective courses may include:

Banking and Finance Law
Cyber Law
Competition Law
Taxation Law
Media and Entertainment Law
Energy and Natural Resources Law
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Health Law
Gender and Law
International Trade Law

Dissertation/ Thesis: Many LLM programs in India require students to complete a research-based dissertation or thesis on a legal topic of their choice. This allows students to demonstrate their research and analytical skills and make a significant contribution to the field of law.

Internship: Some LLM programs may include a mandatory internship or practical training component, where students gain hands-on experience in legal practice, law firms, government agencies, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This internship is often a valuable part of the learning process.

Seminars and Workshops: LLM students may also participate in seminars, workshops, and conferences to enhance their understanding of specific legal issues and engage with legal scholars and practitioners.

Assessment: Assessment methods typically include written examinations, assignments, research papers, presentations, and the evaluation of the dissertation or thesis.

Grading: The grading system in LLM programs usually follows the standard Indian grading scale, with letter grades such as A, B, C, and F, along with corresponding grade point averages (GPAs).

Specializations: Students can often choose a specialization within their LLM program, focusing on a particular area of law. Specializations can vary widely, and students may have the option to create their own specialization based on their interests and career goals.

It's essential to note that the specific course structure and requirements can vary among universities and institutions in India. Therefore, prospective LLM students should carefully review the curriculum and admission criteria of the particular program they are interested in to ensure it aligns with their academic and career goals. Additionally, LLM programs in India may also offer opportunities for international exposure, exchange programs, and collaborations with foreign universities to enrich the academic experience.

LLM Graduate Salary Overview

The salary for LLM (Master of Laws) graduates in India can vary significantly depending on various factors, including the specialization, the university or institution from which they graduated, their experience, and the location of their employment.

On average, LLM graduates in India can expect an initial monthly salary ranging from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 60,000 or more. Graduates specializing in areas like corporate law, intellectual property law, and international law often command higher salaries due to the demand for expertise in these fields. Government legal positions or entry-level positions in law firms and corporate legal departments may offer salaries at the lower end of this range.

With experience and expertise, LLM graduates can see their salaries increase substantially over time. Senior legal professionals, including partners in law firms or legal advisors in multinational corporations, can earn significantly higher salaries, sometimes exceeding several lakhs per month.

It's important to note that salary figures can vary widely based on individual circumstances and the prevailing economic conditions. Moreover, a strong legal network and reputation can also play a crucial role in determining the earning potential for LLM graduates in India.

What is the Average Salary of an LLM Graduate?

The average salary of an LLM (Master of Laws) graduate in India can range from Rs. 3,00,000 to Rs. 10,00,000 per annum, depending on various factors. Entry-level positions in government agencies or smaller law firms may offer salaries at the lower end of this range, while graduates employed by prestigious law firms, multinational corporations, or in specialized areas like corporate law or intellectual property law tend to earn salaries closer to the higher end.

With experience and specialization, LLM graduates can significantly increase their earnings. It's worth noting that salaries can vary based on the graduate's location, the reputation of their alma mater, and their negotiation skills.

Level of Education wise LLM Salary

Here's a table that provides an overview of the salary levels for LLM graduates in India based on their level of education:

Level of Education

Average Salary (Per Annum)

Notes

Entry-Level LLM Rs. 3,00,000 lakh to Rs. 6,00,000 or more Graduates with only LLM, starting positions in smaller law firms, government legal jobs.
LLM with Specialization Rs. 6,00,000 lakh to Rs. 10,00,000 or more Graduates with LLM and a specialized focus (e.g., corporate law, international law, intellectual property) often earn higher salaries, especially in top law firms and MNCs.
LLM + Additional Course (e.g., MBA, CFA) Rs. 10,00,000 lakh to Rs. 20,00,000 or more Combining LLM with another advanced degree such as an MBA or CFA can significantly boost earning potential, particularly in corporate law, finance, or management roles.
LLM + Experience Rs. 15,00,000 lakh to Rs. 30,00,000 or more With several years of experience, LLM graduates can reach senior positions in law firms, corporations, or government, leading to higher salaries. Partners in law firms may earn even more.

Additionally, LLM graduates with dual degrees or additional qualifications often command higher salaries due to their broader skill set and expertise in multiple domains.

Job Profile wise LLM Salary

Here's a table outlining the salary ranges for LLM graduates in India based on different job profiles:

Job Profiles

Average Salary (Per Annum)

Corporate Lawyer Rs. 8,00,000 to Rs. 20,00,000
Legal Consultant Rs. 6,00,000 to Rs. 15,00,000
In-House Counsel (MNC) Rs. 10,00,000 to Rs. 25,00,000 or more
Government Legal Officer Rs. 5,00,000 to Rs. 12,00,000
Law Professor Rs. 6,00,000 to Rs. 15,00,000
Human Rights Advocate Rs. 6,00,000 to Rs. 15,00,000
Intellectual Property Attorney Rs. 8,00,000 to Rs. 18,00,000
Criminal Defense Attorney Rs. 5,00,000 to Rs. 12,00,000
Environmental Lawyer Rs. 6,00,000 to Rs. 15,00,000
Taxation Lawyer Rs. 8,00,000 to Rs. 18,00,000
Family Law Attorney Rs. 6,00,000 to Rs. 15,00,000
Arbitrator/Mediator Rs. 8,00,000 to Rs. 20,00,000 or more

Experience-wise LLM Salary

Here is a table showing approximate salary ranges for LLM graduates in India based on experience levels:

Experience Level

Salary Range (Annual)

Entry Level Rs. 4,00,000 - Rs. 6,00,000
1-3 Years Rs. 6,00,000 - Rs. 8,00,000
4-6 Years Rs. 8,00,000 - Rs. 12,00,000
7-10 Years Rs. 12,00,000 - Rs. 20,00,000
10+ Years Rs. 20,00,000 and above

It's important to note that these figures are approximate and can change over time due to economic conditions, market demand, and individual negotiation skills. Additionally, many law firms and organizations may offer additional benefits and bonuses as part of the compensation package.

Location wise LLM Salary

Here's a table that provides a rough overview of location-wise LLM salary ranges in India. Keep in mind that these are approximate figures and can vary based on factors such as experience, specialization, and the specific employer.

Location

Salary Range (Approximate)

Delhi Rs. 5,00,000 - Rs. 15,00,000
Mumbai Rs. 6,00,000 - Rs. 16,00,000
Bangalore Rs. 5,00,000 - Rs. 14,00,000
Chennai Rs. 4,00,000 - Rs. 12,00,000
Hyderabad Rs. 4,00,000 - Rs. 11,00,000
Pune Rs. 4,00,000 - Rs. 12,00,000
Kolkata Rs. 4,00,000 - Rs. 10,00,000
Ahmedabad Rs. 3,00,000 - Rs. 9,00,000
Chandigarh Rs. 3,00,000 - Rs. 9,00,000
Jaipur Rs. 3,00,000 - Rs. 8,00,000
Lucknow Rs. 3,00,000 - Rs. 8,00,000

Please note that these figures are approximate and can vary based on various factors, including the organization, your experience level, and the specific area of law you specialize in. Additionally, salaries in major metropolitan cities tend to be higher due to the higher cost of living.

Employment Area Wise LLM Salary

Here's a table that provides an overview of LLM salary ranges in India based on different employment areas:

Employment Areas

Salary Range (Approximate)

Law Firms Rs. 6,00,000 - Rs. 25,00,000
Corporate Sector Rs. 5,00,000 - Rs. 20,00,000
Government Rs. 4,00,000 - Rs. 15,00,000
Academia Rs. 3,00,000 - Rs. 12,00,000
NGOs/Non-profits Rs. 3,00,000 - Rs. 12,00,000
Legal Consulting Rs. 6,00,000 - Rs. 20,00,000
Judiciary Rs. 5,00,000 - Rs. 18,00,000
In-house Counsel Rs. 5,00,000 - Rs. 20,00,000

Government PayScale wise LLM Salary

In India, salaries for government jobs, including those for LLM graduates, are often determined by pay scales set by the government. These pay scales are structured based on various factors, including the level of the position, years of experience, and qualifications. Here's a general overview of LLM salary ranges in government jobs in India based on pay scales:

Government Pay Scale

Approximate LLM Salary Range

Entry Level (Group B) Rs. 4,00,000 - Rs. 7,00,000
Mid-Level (Group A) Rs. 6,00,000 - Rs. 10,00,000
Senior-Level (Group A) Rs. 8,00,000 - Rs. 15,00,000

These salary ranges are approximate and provide a general idea of the salary levels you can expect in government jobs in India as an LLM graduate. Actual salaries may vary based on the specific government department, location, and other factors. Government jobs often come with additional benefits and allowances, which can also influence the overall compensation package.

Job Opportunities After LLM in India

After completing an LLM (Master of Laws) in India, you'll have various job opportunities across different sectors of the legal profession. The specific opportunities available to you may depend on your specialization, qualifications, and personal preferences. Here are some common job opportunities for LLM graduates in India:

Law Firms: Many LLM graduates decide to work for domestic and foreign law firms. You can work as an associate or a junior lawyer, handling cases related to your specialization. Large law firms often offer substantial salaries and opportunities for growth.

Corporate Sector: Corporations and businesses in India often hire LLM graduates as in-house legal counsel. This role involves providing legal advice to the company, ensuring compliance with laws and regulations, and handling contract negotiations.

Government Jobs: LLM graduates can also pursue a career in the government sector. You can work as a legal advisor in government departments, public sector undertakings (PSUs), or even in the judiciary.

Judicial Services: If you aspire to become a judge, you can appear for the judicial services examination and work your way up through the ranks of the judiciary. An LLM degree can be beneficial for this career path.

Academia: If you have a passion for teaching and research, you can opt for a career in academia. You can become a law professor or lecturer in law schools and universities. For some positions, a PhD or a higher degree may be mandatory.

Legal Consultancies: Legal consulting firms offer advisory services to businesses and individuals. LLM graduates can work in legal consulting roles, providing expert advice on legal matters.

NGOs and Nonprofits: Many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profit organizations require legal expertise. You can work as a legal advisor or advocate for organizations that focus on human rights, social justice, and other causes.

Arbitration and Mediation: Specializing in alternative dispute resolution (ADR) can open up opportunities in arbitration and mediation. You can work as an arbitrator or mediator in both private and public disputes.

Intellectual Property: If you have an LLM in intellectual property law, you can work in law firms or corporate legal departments specializing in patents, trademarks, and copyrights.

Taxation: LLM graduates with a specialization in tax law can work in tax consulting firms or as tax advisors in corporations and law firms.

Compliance and Regulatory Affairs: Various industries, including finance and healthcare, require professionals with legal expertise to ensure compliance with complex regulations.

Legal Journalism: If you have strong writing and communication skills, you can explore opportunities in legal journalism, writing about legal developments and issues for newspapers, magazines, or online platforms.

Legal Entrepreneurship: Some LLM graduates choose to start their own law firms or legal consultancies, especially if they have a unique area of expertise.

Remember that networking, internships, and building a strong professional network within your chosen field can be instrumental in securing job opportunities after completing your LLM in India. Additionally, the job market and demand for specific legal skills can vary by region and over time, so staying informed about industry trends is important for career success.

Jobs after LLM - Government and Private

After completing an LLM (Master of Laws) degree, you have the option to pursue various career opportunities in both the government and private sectors. Your choice will depend on your interests, specialization, and career goals. Here's an overview of job opportunities in both sectors:

Government Sector:

Judicial Services: You can prepare for and appear in judicial services examinations to become a judge. Starting as a magistrate or civil judge, you can work your way up to higher positions within the judiciary.

Legal Advisor/ Consultant: Government departments and ministries at the central and state levels often hire legal advisors or consultants to provide legal guidance and represent them in legal matters.

Public Prosecutor: You can work as a public prosecutor, representing the government in criminal cases, and ensuring that justice is served.

Assistant District Attorney: LLM graduates are eligible to apply for the position of Assistant District Attorney in many states, where they handle criminal cases on behalf of the government.

Legal Officer in Regulatory Bodies: Various regulatory bodies and commissions, such as SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) or TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India), hire legal officers to interpret and enforce regulations.

Law Researcher: Some government agencies and courts employ law researchers to assist judges and legal professionals in legal research and drafting judgments.

Private Sector:

Law Firms: You can join law firms, which can be small boutique firms or large multinational organizations. Here, you can work as an associate or senior associate, specializing in areas like corporate law, litigation, intellectual property, or tax law.

In-House Counsel: Many corporations hire in-house legal counsel to provide legal advice, draft contracts, handle compliance, and represent the company in legal matters. Industries ranging from technology to finance employ in-house counsel.

Legal Consulting: Legal consulting firms offer advisory services to businesses. As a legal consultant, you can provide expertise in various legal matters, such as mergers and acquisitions, regulatory compliance, and intellectual property.

Arbitrator/ Mediator: If you specialize in arbitration and mediation, you can work as an arbitrator or mediator, helping parties resolve disputes outside of the courtroom.

Legal Compliance Officer: Businesses require professionals to ensure that they comply with various laws and regulations. You can work as a legal compliance officer in industries like healthcare, finance, or manufacturing.

Academia: If you have a passion for teaching and research, you can pursue a career in academia. This may involve becoming a law professor or lecturer at law schools and universities.

NGOs and Nonprofits: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profit organizations often need legal experts to navigate complex legal issues related to human rights, environmental law, and social justice.

Legal Entrepreneurship: Some LLM graduates choose to start their own law firms or legal consultancies, focusing on their areas of expertise.

Both the government and private sectors offer diverse opportunities for LLM graduates, and your decision should align with your interests and career objectives. It's essential to research the specific roles and industries that appeal to you, network within your chosen field, and stay informed about legal trends and developments to maximize your career prospects.

LLM Top Recruiters

The recruitment landscape for LLM graduates in India can vary depending on your specialization and career goals. Here are some top recruiters and organizations that frequently hire LLM graduates across various specializations:

Top Law Firms: Prestigious law firms such as Amarchand Mangaldas, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, Khaitan & Co., and Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas are known for recruiting LLM graduates. These firms often offer excellent opportunities in various legal fields, including corporate law, litigation, and intellectual property.

Corporate Sector: Leading multinational corporations across industries like technology, finance, pharmaceuticals, and energy hire LLM graduates as in-house legal counsel. Some prominent recruiters include Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Reliance Industries, and HDFC Bank.

Government: If you aspire to work in the government sector, opportunities exist in various government departments, ministries, and regulatory bodies. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts examinations for positions like Indian Legal Service (ILS) and Indian Revenue Service (IRS) (Customs and Central Excise).

Judiciary: Graduates with aspirations to become judges can seek positions in the judicial services by appearing for state or national-level judicial services examinations. The Supreme Court and various High Courts are also potential employers.

Legal Consulting Firms: Legal consulting firms like Ernst & Young (EY), Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), and KPMG often hire LLM graduates for roles in advisory, compliance, and risk management.

NGOs and Nonprofits: Organizations such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and various local NGOs working on social justice, human rights, and environmental issues may hire LLM graduates for legal advocacy and research positions.

Academia: Universities and law schools frequently employ LLM graduates with strong academic records and research skills as faculty members or researchers.

Arbitration and Mediation Centers: Institutions specializing in alternative dispute resolution, such as the Indian Council of Arbitration (ICA) and the International Centre for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ICADR), offer opportunities for LLM graduates interested in arbitration and mediation.

Intellectual Property Firms: Specialized IP firms like Anand and Anand, Lall & Sethi, and Remfry & Sagar hire LLM graduates with expertise in intellectual property law.

Legal Startups: The legal tech sector is growing in India, and legal startups like Vakilsearch, LegalZoom, and MyAdvo may offer roles in legal technology, research, and documentation.

Remember that the specific recruiters and opportunities can vary based on your LLM specialization, location, and networking efforts. It's advisable to research potential employers in your area of interest and proactively reach out to them to explore job opportunities. Building a strong professional network, gaining relevant experience through internships, and staying updated on industry trends can also enhance your chances of landing a desirable position after completing your LLM.

LLM Jobs Overview

LLM programs offer the potential for graduates to secure well-paying positions in both government and the private sector. Individuals with an LLM degree can pursue rewarding careers in various roles such as Advocate, Legal Associate/ Associate Attorney, Criminal Lawyer, Corporate Lawyer, Real Estate Lawyer, Magistrate, Legal Advisor, Professor, and numerous other esteemed positions.

In the early stages of their career, individuals can anticipate an average annual salary of approximately INR 3,80,000. With a few years of experience, this figure can rise to an average salary of around INR 40,00,00 per annum or even higher, depending on factors such as experience, job role, geographical location, specialization, and other relevant parameters.

LLM programs offer a wide range of opportunities for highly skilled and knowledgeable graduates, including the possibility of securing positions in prestigious companies both in India and abroad. Some notable recruiters for LLM graduates include Khaitan & Co., Trilegal India, AZB & Partners, Platinum Partners, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, S & R Associates, Desai & Diwanji, among others.

LLM Jobs Highlights

A few of the major LLM jobs highlights are mentioned below:

Particulars

Details

Job Opportunities LLM graduates can access lucrative roles in both government and private sectors.
Career Paths Advocate, Legal Associate, Criminal Lawyer, Corporate Lawyer, Legal Advisor, Magistrate, Professor, etc.
Starting Salary Range Typically around INR 3,80,000 per year.
Salary Growth With experience, salaries can rise to an average of INR 40,00,000 or more, depending on various factors.
Factors Influencing Salary Experience, job role, specialization, geographical location, etc.
Global Opportunities LLM graduates can secure positions abroad as well.
Top Recruiters Khaitan & Co., Trilegal India, AZB & Partners, Platinum Partners, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, S & R Associates, Desai & Diwanji, and others.

Top LLM Job Profiles

Here are some of the top LLM job profiles:

Advocate: Advocates represent clients in legal proceedings, provide legal advice, and advocate for their interests in court.

Legal Associate/Associate Attorney: Legal associates work with law firms or legal departments, assisting in research, document preparation, and case management.

Criminal Lawyer: Criminal lawyers specialize in defending individuals or organizations accused of criminal activities in court.

Corporate Lawyer: Corporate lawyers handle legal matters for businesses, including contracts, mergers and acquisitions, and corporate compliance.

Real Estate Lawyer: Real estate lawyers deal with legal issues related to property transactions, such as buying, selling, or leasing real estate.

Magistrate: Magistrates preside over lower-level court proceedings, making decisions on various legal matters, including minor criminal cases and civil disputes.

Legal Advisor: Legal advisors provide legal guidance and counsel to individuals, organizations, or government agencies on a wide range of legal issues.

Professor: LLM graduates often pursue careers in academia, becoming professors who teach and conduct legal research at universities and law schools.

Human Rights Advocate: These advocates work to protect and promote human rights, often collaborating with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or international bodies.

Tax Lawyer: Tax lawyers specialize in tax law, assisting individuals and businesses in navigating complex tax regulations and resolving tax-related issues.

Environmental Lawyer: Environmental lawyers focus on legal matters related to environmental protection, conservation, and compliance with environmental laws.

Intellectual Property (IP) Lawyer: IP lawyers deal with issues such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets, protecting the intellectual property of individuals and organizations.

International Trade Lawyer: International trade lawyers handle legal matters related to international business transactions, trade agreements, and trade regulations.

These are just a few examples of the diverse and rewarding job profiles that LLM graduates can pursue, depending on their interests and specializations within the field of law.

Top Academic Courses To Pursue After LLM

After completing an LLM degree, individuals who wish to further their academic and professional qualifications in the field of law can consider several top academic courses. These courses provide specialized knowledge and can enhance career prospects. Here are some notable options:

PhD in Law: Pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Law allows individuals to engage in advanced legal research, contribute to legal scholarship, and potentially become legal academics.

SJD (Doctor of Juridical Science): Similar to a PhD in Law, the SJD is a research-oriented degree that enables individuals to delve deeply into a specific area of law.

MBA in Law: An MBA in Law combines legal expertise with business acumen, preparing graduates for leadership roles in legal departments of corporations or law firms.

Master of Public Policy (MPP): This interdisciplinary program focuses on public policy analysis, which can be valuable for those interested in law and policy advocacy.

Master of Business Law (MBL): MBL programs concentrate on the legal aspects of business, offering specialized knowledge in corporate law, taxation, and commercial transactions.

Master of International Relations (MIR): For those interested in international law and diplomacy, an MIR program can provide insights into global affairs and international legal issues.

LLM in Human Rights: This specialized LLM program deepens understanding of human rights law, preparing graduates for careers in NGOs, international organizations, or advocacy.

LLM in Environmental Law: Focusing on environmental law and policy, this program is suitable for those passionate about environmental protection and sustainability.

LLM in Intellectual Property (IP) Law: Specializing in IP law can be valuable in industries where intellectual property rights are crucial, such as technology, entertainment, and pharmaceuticals.

LLM in Taxation: For individuals interested in tax law, this program offers expertise in tax planning, compliance, and international tax issues.

LLM in International Business Law: This program equips students with knowledge of international trade, investment law, and cross-border business transactions.

LLM in Health Law: Focusing on healthcare regulations and ethics, this program prepares individuals for roles in healthcare institutions, government agencies, or legal practices serving the healthcare sector.

LLM in Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: In an era of increasing digitalization, this specialization focuses on legal issues related to cybersecurity, data protection, and privacy.

LLM in Dispute Resolution: This program emphasizes negotiation, mediation, and arbitration, preparing graduates for careers in alternative dispute resolution.

LLM in International Humanitarian Law: Suitable for those interested in humanitarian issues and armed conflict, this program explores the legal frameworks governing armed conflicts and humanitarian action.

Choosing the right academic course after an LLM depends on individual interests, career goals, and the desire to specialize in a particular area of law or legal practice. Each of these courses offers unique opportunities for career advancement and expertise development.

Career Opportunities After LLM

LLM graduates possess specialized legal knowledge that can open doors to diverse career opportunities in various industries. Here are some industries and sectors that often hire LLM graduates:

Law Firms: LLM graduates can work as associates or specialized counsel in law firms, handling cases in areas such as corporate law, intellectual property, tax law, and more.

Corporate Sector: Many corporations hire LLM graduates to serve as in-house counsel. They provide legal expertise on matters like contracts, compliance, mergers and acquisitions, and employment law.

Government and Public Sector: LLM graduates can find roles as legal advisors, prosecutors, public defenders, and legal consultants in government agencies at the local, state, or national levels.

Judiciary: Some LLM graduates choose to pursue careers as judges or magistrates in the judicial system.

Academia: LLM graduates interested in teaching and legal research can become law professors at universities and law schools.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs focused on human rights, environmental protection, and social justice often employ LLM graduates as legal advisors, advocates, and policy analysts.

International Organizations: International bodies like the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and World Bank hire LLM graduates for positions related to international law, diplomacy, and human rights.

Financial Services: LLM graduates can work in financial institutions, advising on regulatory compliance, securities law, and financial transactions.

Healthcare Industry: Healthcare organizations often hire LLM graduates with expertise in health law to navigate complex healthcare regulations and ethics.

Technology and Intellectual Property: LLM graduates specializing in intellectual property law can find roles in tech companies, protecting patents, trademarks, and copyrights.

Real Estate and Construction: LLM graduates with a focus on real estate law can work in real estate development, property management, and construction companies.

Energy and Environmental Sector: LLM graduates interested in environmental law can work with energy companies, environmental agencies, and conservation organizations.

Media and Entertainment: LLM graduates specializing in media and entertainment law can work for media companies, production studios, and entertainment law firms.

Arbitration and Mediation Firms: Those with expertise in dispute resolution can work as arbitrators or mediators in specialized firms.

Compliance and Risk Management: LLM graduates can help organizations ensure compliance with laws and regulations, managing legal risks.

Consulting Firms: Some consulting firms hire LLM graduates for their legal expertise, particularly in areas like international trade and tax law.

Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Compliance: LLM graduates with knowledge of healthcare and pharmaceutical law can work in compliance roles within these industries.

Airlines and Aviation: The aviation industry may hire LLM graduates to navigate aviation law and regulations.

Criminal Justice System: LLM graduates can work as public defenders, prosecutors, or legal consultants within the criminal justice system.

Startups and Entrepreneurship: LLM graduates can provide legal guidance to startups and entrepreneurs on matters such as intellectual property, contracts, and business law.

These are just a few examples of the diverse career opportunities available to LLM graduates. The specific roles and industries that hire LLM graduates can vary based on individual specializations and interests within the field of law.

LLM Government Jobs

LLM graduates interested in pursuing government jobs have several opportunities available to them, both at the national and state levels. These positions allow individuals to apply their legal expertise in various areas of public service. Here are some examples of LLM government job opportunities:

Judicial Services: LLM graduates can appear for judicial services examinations to become judges in the lower judiciary, handling cases at the district or subordinate court levels.

Public Prosecutors: Government agencies hire LLM graduates as public prosecutors to represent the state in criminal cases and ensure justice is served.

Legal Advisors and Consultants: Government departments and ministries often employ LLM graduates as legal advisors or consultants to provide legal counsel on policy matters, regulatory compliance, and legislative drafting.

Government Law Officers: LLM graduates can work as law officers in government departments, providing legal opinions, drafting legal documents, and representing the government in legal proceedings.

Public Defenders: In some jurisdictions, government agencies or legal aid organizations hire LLM graduates as public defenders to represent individuals who cannot afford legal representation in criminal cases.

Teaching and Research: Government universities and institutions hire LLM graduates as faculty members and researchers in law schools and legal research organizations.

State Legal Services Authorities: LLM graduates can work with state legal services authorities to provide legal aid, advice, and representation to disadvantaged and marginalized individuals.

Legislative Drafting: Some governments employ LLM graduates to work in legislative drafting departments, where they help draft and review laws and regulations.

Human Rights Commissions: LLM graduates with a focus on human rights law can find positions in human rights commissions, where they investigate human rights violations and promote human rights awareness.

Tribunals: Government-administered tribunals, such as labor tribunals and administrative tribunals, often hire LLM graduates as legal officers or members.

Customs and Excise Departments: LLM graduates with expertise in tax law can work in government customs and excise departments to ensure compliance with tax laws and regulations.

Environmental Agencies: Government agencies responsible for environmental protection hire LLM graduates to handle legal matters related to environmental conservation and regulation.

International Relations and Diplomacy: LLM graduates with an interest in international law can pursue careers in government foreign affairs departments, representing the country in international negotiations and diplomacy.

Intellectual Property Offices: Government intellectual property offices employ LLM graduates to examine and process patent, trademark, and copyright applications.

Arbitration and Dispute Resolution Bodies: Some government bodies, such as labor arbitration boards, hire LLM graduates with expertise in dispute resolution.

These government job opportunities for LLM graduates provide a chance to serve the public interest, shape public policy, and uphold the rule of law while applying specialized legal knowledge to a variety of legal issues. The specific positions available may vary by jurisdiction and government organization.

Top Companies Hiring LLM Graduates

LLM graduates possess valuable legal expertise that is sought after by a wide range of companies and organizations in India and abroad. Here are some top companies and organizations that frequently hire LLM graduates:

In India:

Khaitan & Co.: One of India's leading full-service law firms, known for hiring top legal talent, including LLM graduates.

Trilegal India: A prominent law firm in India that offers services in various legal sectors, making it a desirable workplace for LLM graduates.

AZB & Partners: Renowned for its corporate and M&A practices, this law firm often recruits LLM graduates for its legal teams.

Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas: Another major law firm in India with a wide range of practice areas, offering opportunities for LLM graduates.

Platinum Partners: Known for its expertise in corporate and transactional law, this firm attracts LLM graduates interested in these fields.

S & R Associates: A law firm that focuses on corporate and commercial law, regularly hiring LLM graduates.

Desai & Diwanji: A full-service law firm with a strong reputation, particularly in the corporate and transactional space.

Reliance Industries: India's largest conglomerate often hires LLM graduates to manage its legal affairs in various sectors.

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS): This IT services giant requires legal experts to manage contracts, intellectual property, and compliance issues.

Infosys: A major IT company that employs legal professionals for its legal and compliance departments.

Abroad:

Clifford Chance: A global law firm with offices around the world, offering opportunities for LLM graduates in various legal specializations.

White & Case: Known for its international presence, this law firm recruits LLM graduates for its diverse practice areas.

Baker McKenzie: A multinational law firm with a strong global network that often hires LLM graduates for international legal work.

The United Nations: Offers various legal positions for LLM graduates interested in international law, human rights, and diplomacy.

World Bank: Hires legal experts, including LLM graduates, to work on international development and finance projects.

International Criminal Court (ICC): Offers opportunities for LLM graduates in international criminal law and human rights law.

European Union Institutions: Various EU institutions, such as the European Parliament and European Commission, hire LLM graduates for legal and policy roles.

Apple Inc.: Tech companies like Apple often seek LLM graduates to handle intellectual property, regulatory, and compliance matters.

Goldman Sachs: Investment banks like Goldman Sachs hire legal professionals, including LLM graduates, for their legal and compliance teams.

Amnesty International: An international NGO focused on human rights, Amnesty International hires LLM graduates for advocacy and legal roles.

Please note that the demand for LLM graduates can vary depending on the company's specific legal needs and the region in which they operate. Graduates with specialized expertise in areas such as international law, intellectual property, or corporate law may find more opportunities with companies looking for those particular skills.

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